AWS WHC1.07

Abstract

The types of residual stress that occur in welds and their respective distribution patterns are quite complex. This chapter presents an analysis of stress in single- and multiple-pass welds and examines the various factors that interact to increase or decrease the magnitude of stress in welds. As distortion in weldments is an important factor in their serviceability, the procedures used to predict distortion are also discussed here. In the final section, the various procedures used to reduce or control residual stress and distortion in welds are examined in detail.<br>Since most information published on this subject concerns welds produced with the arc welding processes, the discussions presented in this chapter almost exclusively address residual stress and distortion in welds fabricated with these processes. A limited amount of information is presented on residual stress in spot welded joints in titanium 8Al-1Mo-1V alloy.