AA - The Aluminum Association Inc.

AA CWU-49

2017-09-04T18:45:00Z

AA CWU-49; Code Words for Underground Distribution Cables - Third Edition AA - The Aluminum Association Inc. This booklet lists Code Words for secondary (600 volt) underground distribution (UD) cables, and identifies their constructions. Reference to primary (5, 15, and 25kV) cables has been deleted as the designs included are not current with the styles used today.
It has been the practice for many years to employ code words for bare, covered (weatherproof), and low voltage secondary and neutral supported service drop insulated cables used in overhead systems. (Refer to The Aluminum Association publication "Code Words for Aluminum Conductors".) With the rapid expansion in the use of UD cables in the last decade and the proliferation in the sizes, types and constructions available, the advantages of establishing code words for these products was apparent. Consequently, manufacturers have assigned code words to UD cables as a convenient means of concisely defining specific cable designs (conductor size, insulation type, voltage rating, neutral configuration and size, number of phase conductors and type of assembly). The use of code words in catalogs, orders, invoices and other production and sales records not only provides a brief identification for UD cables but also minimizes the chance for errors in transcribing the longer, detailed description for each cable.
Learning from the experience gained in standardizing the code word system for overhead products, the same basic principles were employed in the assignment of code words for UD cables accepted by and registered with the Electrical Technical Committee of The Aluminum Association.
This booklet lists UD cable code words and identifies their constructions, includes the details of the code word system and outlines the procedure for registering new code words. Preceding the tables identifying the UD cable constructions is a list of characteristics that are implied by the code word itself without any suffix. This is followed by a list of the suffixes to be used with the code words for designating variations in those characteristics. Selected examples show how the system works.
The 600V UD cables referenced in Tables A through H2 are manufactured to the applicable ASTM, UL, and ICEA specifications. Following the tables is an alphabetical listing of all UD cable code words with references to the pages where the cable data may be found.
The booklet concludes with a list of standards and specifications relating to UD cables which are endorsed by The Aluminum Association.
All Aluminum Association published standards, data, specifications and other material are reviewed at least every five years and revised, reaffirmed or withdrawn. Users are advised to contact the Aluminum Association to ascertain whether the information in this publication has been superseded in the interim between publication and proposed use.

AA AHCI-1

2017-09-04T18:37:36Z

AA AHCI-1; Aluminum and Health a Review of the Issues, the Efforts and the Knowledge - Fifth Edition AA - The Aluminum Association Inc. INTRODUCTION
In 1886, the first practical and economic process for producing aluminum metal was discovered. Cookware was the first commercial application for the new metal. It was not long after that salesman of competing cookware alleged various adverse health effects from exposure to aluminum.
The first comprehensive treatise on aluminum compounds in food was published in 1927(Footnote *). The author, Dr. E.E. Smith, then a fellow and former president of the New York Academy of Sciences, presented considerable evidence that aluminum is not injurious to health. He added, "Unfortunately, this question has become controversial by reason of conflicting commercial interests."
These claims have persisted despite the fact that the vast majority of the scientific and medical communities neither originate nor support them. To the contrary, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration considers metallic aluminum and a number of aluminum compounds as "GRAS": Generally Recognized As Safe.
The Aluminum Association(Footnote †) in 1955 asked scientists at the Kettering Laboratory of the University of Cincinnati to search out and review the world's literature on aluminum and health. The investigators reviewed more than 800 books and technical articles, and published their findings in 1957 in the American Medical Association's Archives of Industrial Health. They concluded that there is no need for concern among the public regarding hazards to human health from exposure to aluminum products. The review was updated in 1974 by Kettering researchers to include an additional 700 publications, and the results were published in Environmental Health perspective, a publication of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The basic conclusions were reaffirmed.
Allegations concerning neurological effects of aluminum began appearing in the media in the mid-1970's. Aluminum, it was claimed, caused senility and was deemed a factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), then known as "presenile dementia." Recommendations were made to avoid aluminum in the diet and to avoid aluminum products for cooking or storing foods.
These claims and "medical recommendations" did not come from the scientific or medical communities but were loosely based on results of a few scientific studies then in progress.
A task force of the Aluminum Association's Health Committee visited several leading investigators for first-hand discussions of these studies. We learned that aluminum was also being linked with two conditions occurring in some patients with kidney failure: "dialysis dementia," a fatal neurological disorder, and "osteomalacia," a bone disease.
In 1979, the Association again turned to the Kettering Laboratory staff for an in-depth review of the neurological implications of aluminum. The Kettering team published its report in 1981, entitled "Neurotoxicity of Aluminum." Based on a critical review of about 90 articles, the report concluded that "there is at present no direct clinical or experimental evidence that aluminum is neurotoxic to humans or animals under ordinary conditions of environmental exposure." It was, however, felt that gaps exist in the knowledge of the significance of aluminum in the human body. This is principally because aluminum was not generally regarded as posing a health problem in the past and, hence, drew little scientific interest or study.
Between 1980 and 1988, a research team at the University of Cincinnati continuously monitored and reviewed the literature on all aspects of aluminum and health. Since 1988, the search and review of the literature has been conducted for the Association at the New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (IBR).
The need was recognized for basic information on the way aluminum gets into the body, how much typically is absorbed, where it goes, and what happens once it gets there. To obtain this information, the Association set into place a long-range research program, including:
• The establishment of a Center for Trace Element Studies at IBR to provide basic research into effects of aluminum in the brain and continuing review of the world's literature on aluminum and health;
• Fundamental studies of Alzheimer's disease at laboratories of the National Institute on Aging (NIA);
• Studies of absorption of aluminum in the human body at the Harwell Laboratories of AEA Technologies in the U.K.;
• A study of clearance and translocation of aluminum oxide from lungs at the New York University School of Medicine;
• Analysis of aluminum in the body and brain at the Universities of Kentucky and Virginia and the IBR and NIA Laboratories;
• Analysis of aluminum in body fluids following occupational exposure at the Universities of North Carolina and Pittsburgh;
• Estimation of dietary intake of aluminum at Hazleton Laboratories and the University of Wisconsin; and
• Studies of the effects of aluminum on bone at Duke University.
In order to encourage open discussion on the subject, the Association sponsored and participated in a number of conferences on aluminum and health. The Association also sponsored a monograph, "Aluminum and Health - A Critical Review," edited by Dr. Hillel Gitelman of the University of North Carolina. Published in 1989, it represented a compendium of what was known about aluminum and its interaction with human biology.
In 2000, the Association joined in with the International Aluminium Institute and a number of national aluminum associations to form a Global Health Research Working Committee to fund and provide oversight for needed health studies on an international basis.
This paper is an attempt to present for the lay audience a review of the issues and the efforts by the aluminum industry to develop a better understanding of the role of aluminum, if any, in the human body.
Footnote * - References are found at the end of the paper.
Footnote † The Aluminum Association is a non-profit organization that represents aluminum companies in the United States and abroad. Its member companies produce primary and secondary aluminum metal and semi-fabricated mill products.

AA ABH21

2017-09-04T18:35:10Z

AA ABH21; Aluminum Brazing Handbook - Fourth Edition; Incorporates Errata AA - The Aluminum Association Inc. FOREWORD
Each year millions of aluminum parts are joined by brazing. They may be found in automobiles, trucks, airplanes, submarines, spaceships, liquefaction plants, missiles, TV sets and other artifacts of our civilization ad infinitum.
Aluminum assemblies ranging in thickness from thin sheet to heavy plate and castings are routinely brazed in thousands of shops around the world. When desired, tolerances are held to better than ± 0.002 inch (.05 mm); distortion is kept close to zero. Temper in heat treatable alloys can be restored by post-brazing thermal treatment.
Brazed joints are strong, vacuum tight and neat. The fillets formed by brazing have good fatigue resistance. Properly dip-brazed aluminum units can withstand vibration and shock to 125 G.
Brazing is no longer an art. It is now an established science, and therefore warrants serious consideration by all those who have need to join aluminum to itself and to other metals.

AA F-1

2017-09-04T18:32:03Z

AA F-1; Guidelines for Handling Aluminum Fines Generated During Various Aluminum Fabricating Operations AA - The Aluminum Association Inc. This brochure discusses the potential problems involved in various aspects of aluminum fabricating which generate fine aluminum particles. It also discusses methods of particle collection and handling designed to reduce the risk of fire or explosion. The information is similar, in general, to that presented in NFPA 65, "Standard for Processing and Finishing of Aluminum." However, it is not written to displace any aspect of the Standard, but rather to support and perhaps supplement it. In addition, it is not meant to cover aluminum powder and paste products. These are discussed in The Aluminum Association brochure No. TR-2, "Recommendations for Storage and Handling of Aluminum Powders and Paste."