ASHRAE 90436

Abstract

<strong>Introduction</strong> <br>The <em>Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Warehouses and Self-Storage Buildings</em> (AEDG-WHSE; the Guide) is intended to provide a simple approach for contractors and designers who create warehouses. Application of the recommendations in the Guide should result in warehouses with 30% energy savings when compared to those same warehouses designed to the minimum requirements of <em>ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings</em>. This document contains recommendations and is not a minimum code or standard. It is intended to be used in addition to existing codes and standards and is not intended to circumvent them. This Guide represents <em>a way</em>, but <em>not the only way</em>, to build energyefficient warehouses that use significantly less energy than those built to minimum code requirements. The recommendations in this Guide provide benefits for the owner while maintaining quality and functionality of the space. <br>This Guide has been developed by a committee representing a diverse group of energy professionals drawn from the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), the American Institute of Architects (AIA), the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), the Metal Buildings Manufacturers Association (MBMA), and the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA). To quantify the expected energy savings, these professionals selected potential envelope, lighting, HVAC, and service water heating (SWH) energy-saving measures for analysis. These included products that were deemed to be both practical and commercially available. Although some of the products may be considered premium, products of similar performance are available from multiple manufacturers. Each set of measures was simulated using an hourly energy analysis program for two warehouse prototype buildings in representative cities in various climates. Simulations were run for reference buildings (buildings designed to ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999 criteria) compared to buildings built using recommendations contained in this Guide to determine whether the expected 30% savings target was achieved. The analysis showed an average energy savings of 42% from the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999 baseline. <br>The scope of this Guide covers warehouses up to 50,000 ft² and self-storage buildings that use unitary heating and air-conditioning equipment. Buildings of this type with these HVAC system configurations represent a significant amount of commercial warehouse space in the United States. This Guide provides straightforward recommendations and how-to tips to facilitate its use by anyone in the construction process who wants to produce more energy-efficient buildings. <br>In general, this Guide addresses typical warehouse types, including both self-storage and nonrefrigerated warehouses. The Guide <em>excludes</em> certain warehouses, such as refrigerated warehouses and warehouses that are unheated. Also excluded from the Guide are "built-up" HVAC systems using chillers and chilled-water systems. The Guide is primarily intended for new construction, but it may also be applicable to renovation, remodeling, and modernization projects. <br>As an added value for designers and contractors, this Guide features case study examples of energy-efficient buildings. The case studies demonstrate that effectively addressing environmental challenges can also result in the creation of good, often excellent, architecture. The case studies illustrate how energy considerations have been incorporated in various design strategies and techniques. However, the example buildings may incorporate additional features that go beyond the scope of the recommendations of the Guide. <br>It is hoped that the Guide will result in a more sustainable environment for society. The energy savings target of 30% is the first step in the process toward achieving a net zero energy building (NZEB), which is defined as a building that, on an annual basis, draws from outside sources equal or less energy than it provides using on-site, renewable energy sources. ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999, the energy conservation standard published at the turn of the millennium, provides the fixed reference point for all the Guides in this series. The primary reason for this choice as the reference point is to maintain a consistent baseline and scale for all the 30% AEDG series documents. A shifting baseline between multiple documents in the AEDG series would lead to confusion among users about the level of energy savings achieved. However, it is interesting to see what the energy savings of the Guide would be relative to ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004, which has reduced the lighting power densities and improved efficiency levels for the cooling equipment. Using ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 as the basis, the recommendations in this Guide would produce an average energy savings of 33%. <br>Plans are in place for development of additional AEDG documents in this decade that will assist users in achieving 50% and 70% energy-saving levels as milestones toward the NZEB goal. The ultimate goal of the participating organizations is to assist in the design and construction of NZEBs.