ACI 209R
Prediction of Creep, Shrinkage, and Temperature Effects in Concrete Structures
Organization:
ACI - American Concrete Institute
Year: 2008
Abstract: This report presents a unified approach to predicting the effect of moisture changes, sustained loading, and temperature on reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. Material response, factors affecting the structural response, and the response of structures in which the time change of stress is either negligible or significant are discussed.
Simplified methods are used to predict the material response and to analyze the structural response under service conditions. While these methods yield reasonably good results, a close correlation between the predicted deflections, cambers, prestress losses, etc., and the measurements from field structures should not be expected. The degree of correlation can be improved if the prediction of the material response is based on test data for the actual materials used, under environmental and loading conditions similar to those expected in the field structures.
These direct solution methods predict the response behavior at an arbitrary time step with a computational effort corresponding to that of an elastic solution. They have been reasonably well substantiated for laboratory conditions and are intended for structures designed using the ACI 318 Code. They are not intended for the analysis of creep recovery due to unloading, and they apply primarily to an isothermal and relatively uniform environment.
Special structures, such as nuclear reactor vessels and containments, bridges or shells of record spans, or large ocean structures, may require further considerations which are not within the scope of this report. For structures in which considerable extrapolation of the state-of-the-art in design and construction techniques is achieved, long-term tests on models may be essential to provide a sound basis for analyzing serviceability response. Reference 109 describes models and modeling techniques of concrete structures. For mass-produced concrete members, actual size tests and service inspection data will result in more accurate predictions. In every case, using test data to supplement the procedures in this report will result in an improved prediction of service performance.
Simplified methods are used to predict the material response and to analyze the structural response under service conditions. While these methods yield reasonably good results, a close correlation between the predicted deflections, cambers, prestress losses, etc., and the measurements from field structures should not be expected. The degree of correlation can be improved if the prediction of the material response is based on test data for the actual materials used, under environmental and loading conditions similar to those expected in the field structures.
These direct solution methods predict the response behavior at an arbitrary time step with a computational effort corresponding to that of an elastic solution. They have been reasonably well substantiated for laboratory conditions and are intended for structures designed using the ACI 318 Code. They are not intended for the analysis of creep recovery due to unloading, and they apply primarily to an isothermal and relatively uniform environment.
Special structures, such as nuclear reactor vessels and containments, bridges or shells of record spans, or large ocean structures, may require further considerations which are not within the scope of this report. For structures in which considerable extrapolation of the state-of-the-art in design and construction techniques is achieved, long-term tests on models may be essential to provide a sound basis for analyzing serviceability response. Reference 109 describes models and modeling techniques of concrete structures. For mass-produced concrete members, actual size tests and service inspection data will result in more accurate predictions. In every case, using test data to supplement the procedures in this report will result in an improved prediction of service performance.
Subject: beams (supports)
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contributor author | ACI - American Concrete Institute | |
date accessioned | 2017-09-04T17:19:53Z | |
date available | 2017-09-04T17:19:53Z | |
date copyright | 01/01/1992 (R 2008) | |
date issued | 2008 | |
identifier other | ZOOPLCAAAAAAAAAA.pdf | |
identifier uri | http://yse.yabesh.ir/std/handle/yse/143099 | |
description abstract | This report presents a unified approach to predicting the effect of moisture changes, sustained loading, and temperature on reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. Material response, factors affecting the structural response, and the response of structures in which the time change of stress is either negligible or significant are discussed. Simplified methods are used to predict the material response and to analyze the structural response under service conditions. While these methods yield reasonably good results, a close correlation between the predicted deflections, cambers, prestress losses, etc., and the measurements from field structures should not be expected. The degree of correlation can be improved if the prediction of the material response is based on test data for the actual materials used, under environmental and loading conditions similar to those expected in the field structures. These direct solution methods predict the response behavior at an arbitrary time step with a computational effort corresponding to that of an elastic solution. They have been reasonably well substantiated for laboratory conditions and are intended for structures designed using the ACI 318 Code. They are not intended for the analysis of creep recovery due to unloading, and they apply primarily to an isothermal and relatively uniform environment. Special structures, such as nuclear reactor vessels and containments, bridges or shells of record spans, or large ocean structures, may require further considerations which are not within the scope of this report. For structures in which considerable extrapolation of the state-of-the-art in design and construction techniques is achieved, long-term tests on models may be essential to provide a sound basis for analyzing serviceability response. Reference 109 describes models and modeling techniques of concrete structures. For mass-produced concrete members, actual size tests and service inspection data will result in more accurate predictions. In every case, using test data to supplement the procedures in this report will result in an improved prediction of service performance. | |
language | English | |
title | ACI 209R | num |
title | Prediction of Creep, Shrinkage, and Temperature Effects in Concrete Structures | en |
type | standard | |
page | 47 | |
status | Active | |
tree | ACI - American Concrete Institute:;2008 | |
contenttype | fulltext | |
subject keywords | beams (supports) | |
subject keywords | buckling | |
subject keywords | camber | |
subject keywords | composite construction (concrete to concrete) | |
subject keywords | compressive strength | |
subject keywords | concrete slabs | |
subject keywords | concretes | |
subject keywords | cracking (frac turing) | |
subject keywords | creep properties | |
subject keywords | curing | |
subject keywords | deflection | |
subject keywords | flat concrete plates | |
subject keywords | flexural strength | |
subject keywords | girders | |
subject keywords | lightweight-aggregate concretes | |
subject keywords | modulus of elasticity | |
subject keywords | moments of inertia | |
subject keywords | precast concrete | |
subject keywords | prestressed concrete: prestress loss | |
subject keywords | reinforced concrete: shoring | |
subject keywords | shrinkage | |
subject keywords | strains | |
subject keywords | stress relaxation | |
subject keywords | structural design | |
subject keywords | temperature | |
subject keywords | thermal expansion | |
subject keywords | two-way slabs: volume change | |
subject keywords | warpage |